Savannah Hulsey Pointer

(Epoch Times) Most of the United States will “fall back” to standard time this Sunday, Nov. 2. A majority of Americans, however, just want the twice-yearly clock change to end.

There has been extensive debate about whether to stop this change, or “lock the clock,” but so far, no national change has been made.

On the first Sunday in November, when daylight saving time ends, the clocks are set back one hour; they “fall back.”

This is observed nationwide, with some exceptions: Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and most of Arizona. Where daylight saving time is observed, it must begin and end on the federally mandated dates.

The practice of changing the clock twice a year has been observed since 1918, when it was enacted through the Standard Time Act, which also created standard time zones.

In 1966, the Uniform Time Act amended the practice to allow a state to exempt itself, or a part of itself that lies in a different time zone, from the observance of daylight saving time, meaning it would have to lock its clocks on standard time.

The rules for daylight saving time changed in 2007 for the first time in more than 20 years, in the interest of reducing energy consumption.

Daylight saving time was lengthened by about one month, now taking up 238 days, or about 65 percent, of the year.

State and National Legislation

The National Conference on State Legislatures reports that state legislatures have considered more than 750 bills and resolutions to establish year-round daylight saving time when it is allowed by federal law.

Almost every state in the union has considered some legislation in the past few years that would lock the clocks on either standard or daylight time. Currently, by federal law, states are not allowed to lock the clock on daylight saving time.

In the past seven years, 19 states have enacted legislation that would lock the clocks on daylight saving time—if Congress passes a law that would allow the change and if the surrounding states enact the same legislation.

Despite efforts year after year, a federal law to lock the clock on a fixed time hasn’t garnered enough support to pass Congress.

As of Oct. 28, the Senate failed to reach a consensus on the “Sunshine Protection Act,” which would have made daylight saving time permanent, despite bipartisan support.
Sen. Rick Scott (R-Fla.) took up the charge this year, sponsoring the act. He took to the Senate floor, asking for quick passage, given the states’ reaction to the prospect of the right to choose which time they’d prefer to settle on.

“This bill is about states’ rights,” Scott said. “It allows the people of each state to choose what best fits their needs and the needs of their families.”

In 2022, Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) cosponsored an identical bill, which passed the Senate but was never brought to a vote in the House.

President Donald Trump has been a strong supporter of a fixed year-round time, as has Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who cosponsored the 2022 legislation when he was a senator representing Florida.

What Americans Think Now

Polling from October indicated that about 12 percent of adults in the United States favor the current clock-changing system.

The AP-NORC poll showed that 47 percent of Americans polled are opposed to the current plan, and about 40 percent are neutral.

However, age seems to have a strong effect on opinion, since 51 percent of young adults under the age of 30 were neutral.

When asked which they prefer, 56 percent of Americans said they would prefer daylight saving time year-round, with less light in the morning and more in the evening. About 42 percent would rather have year-round standard time, with more light in the morning and less in the evening.

In the 1970s, when the United States attempted to switch to daylight saving time year-round, the planned two-year experiment was cut short after less than a year because of the public’s negative reaction.

Effect on Health

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has taken up the position that “permanent standard time is the optimal choice for health and safety.”

According to the group, “the United States should eliminate seasonal time changes in favor of permanent standard time (ST), which aligns best with human circadian biology.”
The academy says that evidence supports the benefits of standard time.

During an April Commerce, Science, and Transportation hearing in the Senate, Dr. David Harkey, the president of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, testified that adjusting the clock has shown “a strong relationship between increased darkness and fatal crashes, particularly for pedestrians and bicyclists.”

Additionally, Scott Yates, the founder of the Lock the Clock Movement, testified to negative repercussions attributed to the change. He cited a 2016 study by researchers at the University of Washington that found that the day after the March daylight saving time change, referenced as “sleepy Monday,” was the harshest sentencing day of the entire year.

“Judges, like all of us, have been jolted awake an hour earlier than their bodies have been expecting,“ Yates said. ”That one seemingly harmless government mandate, dialing our clocks back one hour, means some people receive harsher sentences than they otherwise would.”

Practicing sleep medicine physician Dr. Karin Johnson also testified, citing evidence of the negative health effects of changing the clocks, including an increased risk of chronic disease, depression, and suicide.

“The sun is one of the most powerful drivers of health and well-being, but the timing of sunlight is what’s critically important,” Johnson said.

Johnson strongly advocates for permanent standard time, saying that daylight saving time would deprive Americans of critical morning light and that although the spring clock change is bad, “permanent daylight saving time is worse.”

“Permanent daylight saving time does not make days longer, nor is it the reason why people feel better in the summer,” Johnson said.

“Instead, permanent daylight saving time is a hidden mandate to wake Americans up an hour earlier, rather than to their alarm clocks or the sun.

“If we called it the ‘Go to Work an Hour Earlier Act,’ rather than the ‘Sunshine Protection Act,’ no one would be voting for it.”

Correction: A previous version of this article misspelled the name of sleep expert Dr. Karin Johnson and misstated in one instance how the end of daylight saving time functions. The Epoch Times regrets the errors.